This University started as Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Under Rangoon University in 1957. In 1964, it was upgraded to Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science (IAHVS) in Insein, Rangoon. In 1981, IAHVS was moved to Yezin, Pyinmana. In 1994, IAHVS was transferred under the governance of Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries. Before 1997, the course was 6 years and changed to 5 years course in 1997. In 1999, the name of IAHVS was changed to University of Veterinary Science.
In 1992, Post-graduate study programmes such as Master and Doctor of Philosophy were started and continue until now. Since 2006, first year students were selected by entrance examination including written and viva. Until 2022, 6,926 graduates were produced. Degrees conferred are BASc, BVS, BVSc, DVM, Dip LPA, Dip. LIS, MPhil, MSc, MVM, MVSc and PhD.
The University of Veterinary Science comprises a Rector’s Office and 25 departments namely:
| 1 | Rector’s Office | 14 | Veterinary Teaching Hospital |
| 2 | Department of Medicine | 15 | Livestock Demonstration Farms |
| 3 | Department of Animal Science | 16 | Department of Myanmarsar |
| 4 | Department of Surgery & Theriogenology | 17 | Department of English |
| 5 | Department of Pharmacology & Parasitology | 18 | Department of Mathematics |
| 6 | Department of Pathology & Microbiology | 19 | Department of Chemistry |
| 7 | Department of Physiology & Biochemistry | 20 | Department of Physics |
| 8 | Department of Anatomy | 21 | Department of Zoology |
| 9 | Department of Animal Nutrition | 22 | Department of Botany |
| 10 | Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding | 23 | Library |
| 11 | Department of Public Health & Epidemiology | 24 | Department of Finance |
| 12 | Department of Aquaculture & Aquatic Diseases | 25 | Department of Training Affairs |
| 13 | Department of International Relations & IT | 26 | Department of Engineering |